Arkansas’s Harmless Slitherers: A Complete Guide to Non-Venomous Snakes
Arkansas, the “Natural State,” boasts a diverse ecosystem, and that includes a fascinating array of snakes. While the thought of snakes might send shivers down your spine, the vast majority found in Arkansas are completely harmless. This comprehensive guide will delve into the world of non-venomous snakes in Arkansas, helping you identify them, understand their behavior, and appreciate their vital role in our environment. Forget the fear; embrace the fascination!
Identifying Non-Venomous Snakes in Arkansas
Knowing how to distinguish a harmless snake from a venomous one is crucial for safety and peace of mind. Here are some key characteristics to look for, keeping in mind that these are general guidelines and expert identification is always recommended if you’re unsure:
- Head Shape:
- Non-Venomous: Generally have rounded heads.
- Venomous (in Arkansas): Typically have triangular or arrowhead-shaped heads.
- Pupil Shape:
- Non-Venomous: Round pupils.
- Venomous (in Arkansas): Elliptical (cat-eye) pupils.
- Rattles (for Rattlesnakes): Obviously, the presence of rattles is a clear indicator of a venomous snake.
- Anal Plate:
- Non-Venomous: Typically have a single anal plate (the scale just before the tail).
- Venomous (in Arkansas, with exceptions): Generally have a divided anal plate.
- Scale Appearance: Observe the scales. Venomous snakes often have scales that are more keeled or textured.
Important Note: While these characteristics are helpful, relying solely on them can be risky. If you are unsure, it is always best to observe from a safe distance and contact a local wildlife expert or the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission for positive identification.
Common Non-Venomous Snakes of Arkansas
Let’s meet some of the most frequently encountered harmless snakes in the Natural State:
- Garter Snakes ( Thamnophis sirtalis and other Thamnophis species): These are arguably the most commonly seen snakes in Arkansas.
- Appearance: Variable in color, often with stripes of yellow, brown, or red down their backs.
- Habitat: Found in a wide range of habitats, from grasslands and forests to suburban gardens.
- Diet: Primarily feed on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish.
- Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus):
- Appearance: Slender, bright green snake with a long tail.
- Habitat: Found in shrubs and trees near water sources.
- Diet: Feeds primarily on insects and spiders.
- Rat Snakes ( Pantherophis obsoletus): Also known as black rat snakes or gray rat snakes.
- Appearance: Can vary in color, from solid black to a lighter gray with blotches.
- Habitat: Adaptable, found in forests, fields, and even barns.
- Diet: Primarily eat rodents, making them beneficial to farmers and homeowners.
- Ring-necked Snakes (Diadophis punctatus):
- Appearance: Small, slender snake with a black or gray back and a yellow or orange ring around its neck.
- Habitat: Found in wooded areas, often under rocks and logs.
- Diet: Feed on small insects, amphibians, and earthworms.
- Brown Snakes (Storeria dekayi):
- Appearance: Small, brown snake with a light stripe down its back.
- Habitat: Found in urban and suburban areas, often in gardens and under debris.
- Diet: Primarily feed on slugs, snails, and earthworms.
- Mud Snakes (Farancia abacura):
- Appearance: Black, with red or yellow markings on their belly
- Habitat: Found in rivers, swamps, and marshes.
- Diet: Primarily feed on amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates.
- Water Snakes (various Nerodia species):
- Appearance: Highly variable in color and pattern, often brown, gray, or olive, often with darker bands or blotches.
- Habitat: Found near water sources, including rivers, lakes, and swamps.
- Diet: Primarily eat fish, frogs, and amphibians.
- Important Note: While water snakes are non-venomous, they can be easily mistaken for venomous water moccasins (cottonmouths). Always exercise caution and maintain a safe distance.
The Importance of Non-Venomous Snakes
Non-venomous snakes play a critical role in the Arkansas ecosystem:
- Pest Control: Many species, like rat snakes, help control rodent populations, protecting crops and reducing the spread of disease.
- Ecological Balance: They are a vital part of the food chain, serving as both predators and prey for other animals.
- Biodiversity: Their presence contributes to the overall health and diversity of the Arkansas ecosystem.
What to Do if You Encounter a Non-Venomous Snake
- Observe from a Distance: Most snakes will avoid humans if given the chance. Observe them from a safe distance and appreciate their beauty.
- Leave Them Alone: Do not attempt to handle or harass the snake. This can stress the animal and increase the risk of a bite (even from a non-venomous snake).
- Educate Others: Share your knowledge and help dispel common myths about snakes.
- If the Snake is in Your Home: If a snake enters your home, contact a local wildlife removal service or the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission for assistance. Do not attempt to handle the snake yourself.
Conclusion
Non-venomous snakes are a vital part of the Arkansas landscape, playing a critical role in the ecosystem and providing natural pest control. By learning to identify these harmless reptiles and understanding their behavior, you can overcome your fears and appreciate their fascinating role in the Natural State. Remember to observe from a distance, respect their space, and contribute to their protection. Embrace the opportunity to learn more about these amazing creatures and become a better steward of the Arkansas environment.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What should I do if I see a snake in my yard?
- The best course of action is usually to leave it alone. Most snakes will move on on their own. If you are concerned, you can try to gently encourage it to leave by spraying it with a hose or making loud noises. If it is a recurring problem or you are concerned, contact a local wildlife removal service.
- Are all snakes in Arkansas dangerous?
- No, the vast majority of snakes in Arkansas are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. Only a few venomous species exist, and they are generally easily identifiable if you know what to look for.
- What should I do if I am bitten by a snake?
- If you are bitten by any snake, seek medical attention immediately. Try to identify the snake if it is safe to do so (from a distance), but do not put yourself in danger.
- How can I make my yard less attractive to snakes?
- Reduce clutter, such as piles of wood, rocks, and overgrown vegetation. Keep your lawn mowed and remove potential food sources, such as rodents. Seal any cracks or openings in your home where snakes could enter.
- What is the best way to identify a snake?
- The best way to identify a snake is to use a reliable field guide or consult with a local wildlife expert. Be cautious and observe from a safe distance.
